What is the current approach to type 2 diabetes management?

T2DM management emphasizes individualized glycemic targets (typically HbA1c <7% for most). Metformin remains first-line unless contraindicated. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are preferred second-line agents for patients with cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or CKD due to proven cardiorenal benefits. Lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss) is foundational throughout.