What is the current approach to stable COPD management?

Smoking cessation is the most effective intervention to slow progression. Long-acting bronchodilators (LAMA or LABA) are first-line maintenance. LAMA+LABA for persistent symptoms. Add ICS for patients with frequent exacerbations and eosinophils ≥300. Pulmonary rehabilitation improves symptoms and exercise tolerance. Vaccinations (influenza, pneumococcal, COVID-19). Oxygen therapy for chronic hypoxemia. Consider roflumilast or azithromycin for frequent exacerbators.